Balda & Kamil References

Abbot, H.G. (1962). The seed preferences of mice and voles in the Northeast. Journal of Forestry, 60, 97-99.

Balda, R.P. (1980). Recovery of cached seeds by a captive Nucifraga caryocatactes. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 52, 331-346.

Balda, R.P. (1980). Are seed caching systems co-evolved? Acta XVII Congr. International Ornithology. 2, 1185-1191.

Balda, R.P. (1987). Avian impacts on pinyon-juniper woodlands. In L. Evertt (Ed.) Proceedings of the pinyon-juniper conference (No. 7, pp. 525-533). General Technical Report (INT-215). Reno, NV: U.S. Forest Service.

Balda, R.P. (2002). Pinyon jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus). In  A. Poole, & F. Gill (Eds.), The birds of North America (No. 605). Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America, Inc.

Balda, R.P., & Bateman, G.C. (1971). Flocking and annual cycle of the pinyon jay. Condor, 75, 287-302.

Balda, R.P., & Bateman, G.C. (1972). The breeding biology of the pinyon jay. Living Bird, 11, 5-42.

Balda, R.P., & Kamil, A.C. (1989). A comparative study of cache recovery by three corvid species. Animal Behaviour, 38, 486-495.

Balda, R.P., & Kamil, A.C. (1992). Long-term spatial memory in Clark’s nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana. Animal Behaviour 44, 761-769.

Balda, R.P., & Kamil, A.C. (1998). The ecology and evolution of spatial memory in corvids of the southwestern USA: The perplexing Pinyon Jay. P. Balda, I.M. Pepperberg, & A.C. Kamil (Eds.), Animal Cognition in Nature 7 (pp. 33-66). London, UK: Academic Press.

Balda, R.P., Kamil, A.C., & Bednekoff, P.A. (1996). Predicting cognitive capacity from natural history: Examples from four species of corvids. In E. Ketterson & V. Nolan (Eds.), Current Ornithology (pp.33-66). Plenum Press, New York.

Balda, R.P., & Turek, R.J. (1984). The cache-recovery system as an example of memory capabilities in Clark's nutcracker. In H. L. Roitblat, T.G. Beaver, & H.S. Terrace (Eds.), Animal Cognition (pp. 513-532). London, UK: Erlbaum Associates.

Balda, R.P., & Wiltschko, W. (1991). Caching and recovery in scrub jays: Transfer of sun-compass directions from shaded to sunny areas. Condor, 93, 1020-1023.

Basil, J.A. (1993). Neuroanatomical and behavioral correlates of spatial memory in Clark's nutcrackers. Unpublished PhD. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts.

Basil, J.A., Kamil, A.C., Balda, R.P., & Fite, K.V. Differences in hippocampus volume among food storing corvids. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 47, 156-164.

Bateman, G.C., & Balda, R.P. (1973). Growth, development, and food habits of young pinyon jays. Auk, 90, 39-61.

Bednekoff, P.A., & Balda, R.P. (1996a). Social caching and observational spatial memory in pinyon jays. Behaviour, 133, 807-826.

Bednekoff, P.A., & Balda, R.P. (1996b). Observational spatial memory in Clark's nutcrackers and Mexican jays. Animal Behaviour, 52, 833-839.

Bednekoff, P.A., & Balda, R.P. (1997). Clark's nutcracker spatial memory: Many errors might not be due to forgetting. Animal Behaviour, 54, 691-698.

Bednekoff, P.A., Balda, R.P., Kamil, A.C., & Hile, A.L. (1997). Long term spatial memory in four seed caching corvid species. Animal Behaviour, 53, 335-341.

Bendire (1895). Life histories of North American birds. U.S. National Museum Bulletin, 3.

Benkman, C.W., Balda, R.P., & Smith, C.C. (1984).Adaptations for seed dispersal and the compromises due to seed predation in limber pine. Ecology 65: 632-642.

Bennett, A.T.D. (1993). Spatial memory in a food storing corvid. I. Near tall landmarks are primarily used. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 173, 193-207.            

Bock, W.J., Balda, R.P., & Vander Wall, S.B. (1973). Morphology of the sublingual pouch and tongue musculature in Clark's nutcrackers. Auk, 90, 491-519.

Brown, J.L. (1994). Mexican jay (Aphelocoma ultramarine). In A. Poole, & F. Gill (Eds.), The birds of North America, no.118. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D. C.

Burnell, K.L., & Tomback, D.F. (1985). Steller's jays steal gray jay caches: Field and laboratory observations. Auk, 102, 417-491. 

Chen, B. (2000). Differential spatial memory by male and female pinyon jays. Unpublished M.S. thesis. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff.

Cheng, K. (1988). Some psychophysics of the pigeon‘s use of landmarks. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 162, 815-826.

Cheng, K., & Sherry, D. F. (1992). Landmark-based spatial memory in birds (Parus atricapillus and Columbia livia): The use of edges and distances to represent spatial positions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 106, 331-341.

Cheng, K., & Spetch, M.L. (1998). Mechanisms of landmarks use in mammals and birds. In S. D. Healy (Ed.), Spatial representation in animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cheng, K., Collett, T.S., Pickhard, A., & Wehner, R. (1987). The use of visual landmarks by honeybees: Bees weight landmarks according to their distance from the goal. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 161, 469-475.

Christensen, K.M., & Whitham, T.G. (1993). Impact of insect herbivores on competition between birds and mammals for pinyon pine seeds. Ecology, 74, 2270-2278.

Crocq, C. (1978). Ecologie du Casse-noix (Nucifraga caryocatactes L.) dans les Alpes Francaises du sud: Ses relations avec L'Arolle (Pinus cembra L.). Unpublished PhD, L'Univerite d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.

Giuntoli, M., & Mewaldt, L.R. (1978). Stomach contents of Clark's nutcrackers collected in western Montana. Auk, 95, 595-598.

Goodyear, A.J., & Kamil, A.C. (2004). Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) and the effects of goal‑landmark distance on overshadowing. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 118, 258-264.

Gould-Beierle, K.L., & Kamil, A.C. (1996). The use of local and global cues by Clark's nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana. Animal Behaviour, 52, 519-528.

Gould-Beierle, K.L., & Kamil, A.C. (1998). Use of landmarks in three species of food-storing corvids. Ethology, 104, 361-378.

Gould-Beierle, K.L., & Kamil, A.C. (1999). The role of proximity in landmark use by Clark's nutcrackers. Animal Behaviour, 58, 477-488.

Johnson, H.C. (1900). The breeding home of the Clark's nutcracker. Condor, 2, 49-52.

Johnson, L.S., Marzluff, J.M., & Balda, R.P. (1987). Handling of pinyon pine seeds by Clark's nutcracker. Condor, 89, 117-125.

Jones, J.E., & Kamil, A.C. (2001). The use of relative and absolute bearings by Clark's nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbianaAnimal Learning & Behavior, 29, 120-132.

Kamil, A.C. (1988). A synthetic approach to the study of animal intelligence. In D.W. Leger (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Comparative perspectives in modern psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 230-257). Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.

Kamil, A.C., & Balda, R.P. (1990). Spatial memory in seed caching corvids. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 26, pp. 1-25). New York: Academic Press.

Kamil, A.C., & Cheng, K. (2001). Way-finding and landmarks: The multiple-bearings hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Biology, 204, 103-113.

Kamil, A.C., & Jones, J.E. (1997). Clark's nutcrackers learn geometric relationships among landmarks. Nature, 390, 276‑279.

Kamil, A.C., & Jones, J.E. (2000). Geometric rule learning by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 439-453.

Kamil, A.C., Goodyear, A.J., & Cheng, K. (2001). The use of landmarks by Clark's nutcrackers: First tests of a new model. Journal of Navigation, 54, 429-435.

Kamil, A.C., Balda, R.P., & Good, S. (1999). Patterns of movement and orientation during caching and recovery by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana). Animal Behaviour, 57, 1327-1335.

Kamil, A.C., Balda, R.P., & Olson, D.J. (1994). Performance of four seed-caching corvid species in the radial maze analog. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 385-393.

Lanner, R.M. (1981).The pinyon pine: A natural and cultural history. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press.

Ligon, J.D. (1978). Reproductive interdependence on the pinyon jay and pinyon pines. Ecological Monographs, 48, 111-126.

Ligon, J.D., & Martin, D.J. (1974). Pinyon seeds assessment by the pinyon jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus. Animal Behaviour, 22, 421-429.

Marzluff, J.M., & Balda, R.P. (1992). The Pinyon jay: Behavioral ecology of a colonial and cooperative corvid. London, U.K.: T. & A.D. Poyser.

Merriam, C.H. (1890). Results of a biological survey of the San Francisco Mountain region and desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona. In North American Fauna (No.3, I-vii, pp.1-136).U.S. Department of Agriculture.

de los Monteros, A.E., & Cracraft, L. (1997). Intergeneric relationships of the New World jays inferred from cytochrome b gene sequences. Condor, 99, 490-502.

Morris, R.G.M. (1981).  Spatial localisation does not require the presence of local cues.  Learning and Motivation, 12, 239-260.

Olson, D. J. (1991). Species differences in spatial memory among Clark's nutcrackers, scrub jays, and pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 363-376.

Olson, D. J., Kamil, A.C., Balda, R.P., & Nims, P.J. (1995). Performance of four seed-caching corvid species in operant tests of nonspatial and spatial memory. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 109, 173-181.

Peterson, A.T. (1993). Adaptive geographical variation in bill shape of scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). American Naturalist, 142, 508-527.

Pitelka, F.A. (1951). Speciation and ecologic distribution of American jays of the genus Aphelocoma. University of California Publications in Zoology, 50, 195-463.

Romonchuk, W.J. (1995). The role of memory in cache-recovery in Clark's nutcrackers and pinyon jays. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ.

Schopmeyer, C.S. (1974). Seeds of wood plants in the United States. In Agriculture, Handbook (No. 540, pp. 196-197). Washington D.C.: U.S.D.A. Forest Service.

Shulzitski, J. (1999). Sex differences in the spatial memory ability of mated pinyon jays. Unpublished MS thesis, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ.

Spetch, M.L. (1995). Overshadowing in landmark learning: Touch-screen studies with pigeons and humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 166-181.

Stegmann, B.K. (1934). On the ontogeny of the nutcracker (Kedrovka) (trans. L. Kelso). Dolk. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 24, 267-269.

Stotz, N.G., & Balda, R. P. (1995). Cache and recovery behavior of wild pinyon jays in Northern Arizona. Southwest Naturalist, 40, 180-184.

Tomback, D. (1980). How nutcrackers find their seed stores.Condor, 82, 10-19.

Tomback, D. (1983). Nutcrackers and pines: Coevolution or coadaptation? In M.H. Nitecki (Ed.), Coevolution (pp. 179-223). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Tomback, D. (1998). Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana). In A. Poole & F. Gill (Eds.), The birds of North America (No. 331). Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America, Inc.

Turcek, F.J., & Kelso, L. (1968). Ecological aspects of food transportation and storage in the Corvidae. Communications in Behavioral Biology, Part A, 1, 277-297.

Vander Wall, S.B. (1982). An experimental analysis of cache recovery in Clark's nutcracker. Animal Behaviour 30, 84-94.

Vander Wall, S.B. (1990). Food hoarding in animals. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Vander Wall S.B., & Balda, R.P. (1977). Co-adaptation of the Clark's nutcracker and pinyon pine for efficient seed harvest and dispersal. Ecological Monographs, 47, 89-111.

Vander Wall, S.B., & Balda, R.P. (1981). Ecology and evolution of food-storage behavior in conifer-seed-caching corvids. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 56, 217-242.

Vander Wall, S.B., & Hutchins, H.E. (1983). Dependence of Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) on conifer seeds during the post-fledging period. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 97, 208-214.

Vander Wall, S.B., Hoffman, S.W., & Potts, W.K. (1981). Emigration behavior of Clark's nutcrackers. Condor, 83, 162-170.

Westcott, P.W. (1964). Invasion of Clark's nutcrackers and pinyon jays into southeastern Arizona. Condor, 66, 441.

Wiltschko, W., & Balda, R.P. (1989). Sun compass orientation in seed caching scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). Journal of Comparative Physiology, 164, 717-721.

Wiltschko, W., Balda, R.P., Jahnel, M., & Wiltschko, R. (1999). Sun compass orientation in seed-caching corvids: Its role in spatial memory. Animal Cognition, 2, 215-221. 

Zusi, R.L. (1987). A feeding adaptation of the jaw articulation in new world jays (Corvidae). Auk, 104, 665-680.