Brodigan, D. L., & Peterson, G. B. (1976). Two-choice conditional discrimination performance of pigeons as a function of reward expectancy. Animal Learning & Behavior, 4, 121-124.
Colwill, R. M., & Rescorla, R. A. (1985). Postconditioning devaluation of a reinforcer affects instrumental responding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 11, 120-132.
Conrad, R. (1964). Acoustic confusions in immediate memory. British Journal of Psychology, 55, 75-83.
Cook, R. G., Brown, M. F., & Riley, D. A. (1985). Flexible memory processing by rats: Use of prospective and retrospective information in the radial maze. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 11, 453-469.
Dickinson, A., Campos, J., Varga, Z. L., & Balleine, B. (1996). Bidirectional instrumental conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48B, 289-306.
Edwards, C. A., Jagielo, J. A., Zentall, T. R., & Hogan, D. E. (1982). Acquired eqivalence and distinctiveness in matching to sample by pigeons: Mediation by reinforcer-specific expectancies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 8, 244-259.
Grant, D. S. (1981). Short-term memory in the pigeon. In N. E. Spear & R. R. Miller (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms (pp. 227-256). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Grant, D. S. (1982a). Prospective versus retrospective coding of samples of stimuli, responses, and reinforcers in delayed matching with pigeons. Learning and Motivation, 13, 265-280.
Grant, D. S. (1982b). Samples of stimuli, responses, and reinforcers: Effect of incongruent sample type, serial position, and mode of presentation. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 7-14.
Grant, D. S. (1991). Symmetrical and asymmetrical coding of food and no-food samples in delayed matching in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 186-193.
Grant, D. S., & Kelly, R. (1998). [Failure to find evidence that response intentions mediate retention in delayed simple discriminations with pigeons.] Unpublished raw data.
Grant, D. S., Kelly, R., & Steinbring, K. M. (1997, June). The role of response intentions in delayed simple discriminations in pigeons. Presented at the meeting of the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour, and Cognitive Science, University of Manitoba.
Grant, D. S., & Spetch, M. L. (1991). Pigeons' memory for event duration: Differences between choice and successive matching tasks. Learning and Motivation, 22, 180-199.
Grant, D. S., & Spetch, M. L. (1993). Analogical and nonanalogical coding of samples differing in duration in a choice-matching task in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 19, 15-25.
Grant, D. S., & Spetch, M. L. (1994). Mediated transfer testing provides evidence for common coding of duration and line samples in many-to-one matching in pigeons. Animal Learning & Behavior, 22, 84-89.
Holland, P. C., & Rescorla, R. A. (1975). The effect of two ways of devaluing the unconditioned stimulus after first- and second-order appetitive conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1, 355-363.
Holland, P. C., & Straub, J. J. (1979). Differential effect of two ways of devaluing the unconditioned stimulus after Pavlovian appetitive conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 5, 65-78.
Honig, W. K., & Thompson, R. K. R. (1982). Retrospective and prospective processing in animal working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 16, pp. 239-283). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Honig, W. K., & Wasserman, E. A. (1981). Performance of pigeons on delayed simple and conditional discrimination under equivalent training procedures. Learning and Motivation, 12, 149-170.
Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of behavior. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Hull, C. L. (1952). A Behavior system. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Kamin, L. J. (1968). "Attention-like" processes in classical conditioning. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Miami symposium on the prediction of behavior: Aversive stimulation (pp. 9-31). Miami, FL: University of Miami Press.
Kamin, L. J. (1969). Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning. In B. A. Campbell & R. M. Church (Eds.), Punishment and aversive behavior (pp. 279-296). New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Kelly, R., & Grant, D. S. (1998a). Coding of duration and hedonic samples in many-to-one matching-to-sample with pigeons. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Kelly, R., & Grant, D. S. (1998b). [The effect of differential hedonic and nonhedonic outcome procedures in delayed matching in pigeons]. Unpublished raw data.
Peterson, G. B., Wheeler, R. L., & Armstrong, G. D. (1978). Expectancies as mediators in the differential-reward conditional discrimination performance of pigeons. Animal Learning & Behavior, 6, 279-283.
Peterson, G. B., Wheeler, R. L., & Trapold, M. A. (1980). Enhancement of pigeons' conditional discrimination performance by expectancies of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 22-30.
Rescorla, R. A. (1966). Predictability and number of pairings in Pavlovian fear conditioning. Psychonomic Science, 4, 383-384.
Rescorla, R. A. (1968). Probability of shock in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 66, 1-5.
Riley, D. A., Cook, R. G., & Lamb, M. R. (1981). A classification and analysis of short-term retention codes. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 15, pp. 51-79). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Roitblat, H. L. (1980). Codes and coding processes in pigeon short-term memory. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 341-351.
Roitblat, H. L. (1993). Representations and processes in working memory. In T. R. Zentall (Ed.), Animal cognition: A tribute to Donald A. Riley (pp. 175-192). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Roitblat, H. L., & Scopatz, R. A. (1983). Sequential effects in pigeon delayed matching-to-sample performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 202-221.
Santi, A., & Roberts, W. A. (1985). Prospective representation: The effects of varied mapping of sample stimuli to comparison stimuli and differential trial outcomes on pigeons' working memory. Animal Learning & Behavior, 13, 103-108.
Spear, N. E., & Riccio, D. C. (1994). Memory: Phenomena and principles. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Spence, K. W. (1956). Behavior theory and conditioning. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Spence, K. W. (1960). Behavior theory and learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Spetch, M. L., & Grant, D. S. (1993). Pigeons' memory for event duration in choice and successive matching-to-sample tasks. Learning and Motivation, 24, 156-174.
Spetch, M. L., Grant, D. S., & Kelly, R. (1996). Procedural determinants of coding processes n pigeons' memory for duration. Learning and Motivation, 27, 179-199.
Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. Psychological Review Monographs, 2(8).
Tolman, E. C. (1932). Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York, NY: Century.
Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189-208.
Tolman, E. C., & Honzik, C. H. (1930a). "Insight" in rats. University of California Publications in Psychology, 4, 215-232.
Tolman, E. C., & Honzik, C. H. (1930b). Introduction and removal of reward and maze performance in rats. University of California Publications in Psychology, 4, 257-275.
Tolman, E. C., Ritchie, B. F., & Kalish, D. (1946a). Studies in spatial learning I. Orientation and the short-cut. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36, 13-24.
Tolman, E. C., Ritchie, B. F., & Kalish, D. (1946b). Studies in spatial learning II. Place learning versus response learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36, 221-229.
Trapold, M. A. (1970). Are expectancies based upon different positive reinforcing events discriminably different? Learning and Motivation, 1, 129-140.
Urcuioli, P. J. (1990). Differential outcomes and many-to-one matching: Effects of correlation with correct choice. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 410-422.
Urcuioli, P. J., DeMarse, T., & Zentall, T. R. (1994). Some properties of many-to-one matching with hue, response, and food samples: Retention and mediated transfer. Learning and Motivation, 25, 175-200.
Urcuioli, P. J., & Zentall, T. R. (1986). Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12, 69-77.
Urcuioli, P. J., & Zentall, T. R. (1990). On the role of trial outcomes in delayed discriminations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 141-150.
Urcuioli, P. J., & Zentall, T. R. (1992). Transfer across delayed discriminations: Evidence regarding the nature of prospective working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 18, 154-173.
Urcuioli, P. J., Zentall, T. R., Jackson-Smith, P., & Steirn, J. N. (1989). Evidence for common coding in many-to-one matching: Retention, intertrial interference, and transfer. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 264-273.
Wagner, A. R. (1969). Stimulus validity and stimulus selection in associative learning. In N. J. Mackintosh & W. K. Honig (Eds.), Fundamental issues in associative learning (pp. 90-122). Halifax, Nova Scotia: Dalhousie University Press.
Wagner, A. R., Logan, F. A., Haberlandt, K., & Price, T. (1968). Stimulus selection in animal discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76, 171-180.
Zentall, T. R., Jagielo, J. A., Jackson-Smith, P., & Urcuioli, P. J. (1987). Memory codes in pigeon short-term memory: Effects of varying the number of samples and comparison stimuli. Learning and Motivation, 18, 21-33.
Zentall, T. R., & Sherburne, L. M. (1994). Role of differential sample responding in the differential outcomes effect involving delayed matching by pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 20, 390-401.
Zentall, T. R., Steirn, J. N., & Jackson-Smith, P. (1990). Memory strategies in pigeons' performance of a radial-arm-maze analog task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 16, 358-371.
Zentall, T. R., Urcuioli, P. J., Jagielo, J. A., & Jackson-Smith, P. (1989). Interaction of sample dimension and sample-comparison mapping on pigeons' performance of delayed conditional discriminations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 17, 172-178.