The capacity to extract
a polymorphous feature rule from several independent features is also likely
to be influenced by the quality of the features themselves. By using photographs
of natural scenes as stimuli, von Fersen and Lea (1990) were the first
to show that pigeons can discriminate categories that have been synthetisized
from natural categories in a polymorphous way. The features that defined
category membership were themselves natural categories, with the usual
polymorphous properties of such categories. Stimuli were photographs of
two sites in Exeter, and the defining features were chosen to be of obvious
importance to a free-flying pigeon. Features were 1) the site at which
the photograph was taken (in front of Northcote House at the University
of Exeter, and in front of the Crown and Sceptre, a pub in the center of
the city), 2) the weather conditions (sunny or cloudy), 3) the distance
of the building in the picture (near or far), 4) the orientation of the
building (horizontal or oblique), 5) the camera height from which the pictures
were taken (aerial or ground). One value of each feature was designated
as positive, and pictures containing three or more positive feature values
were members of the positive category. Although only half of the subjects
came under the control of all five features spontaneously (the other half
only after a special single-feature training), this experiment proved that
pigeons successfully discriminate artificially defined categories that
require to extract and combine as many as five 'natural' features. If natural
categories are defined by a polymorphous combination of a large number
of natural features that are themselves polymorphous in nature, the results
can be taken with confidence as being in line with our conclusion that
multiple feature learning is an adequate account of natural categorization.