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Categorization and Acquired Equivalence - Urcuioli
Figure 1.
Non-human
Human
Figure 2. The display and response apparatus used in the categorization-by-appearance studies by Bhatt et al. (1998).
Figure 3.
Humans
Flowers
Cars
Chairs
Figure 4. Percentage of trials in which pigeons correctly classified pictures of cats, chairs, cars and flowers in Bhatt et al. (1988). Base = baseline (training) trials with familiar pictures, Test = trials with novel pictures.
Figure 5. Acquisition of category vs. pseudocategory discriminations by pigeons. (Adapted from Wasserman et al., 1988).
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Figure 6. A design to assess categorization by common reward associations.
Figure 7. Transfer of matching across samples with common reward associations. Base = baseline accuracy with familiar samples, Test = accuracy of choice with novel samples.
Figure 8.
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Figure 9. Categorization-by-association results from Wasserman et al. (1992). Baseline = choice accuracy with explicitly trained samples, Test = choice accuracy with "untrained" samples.
Figure 10. Categorization-by-association results for six pigeons from Urcuioli et al. (1989, Experiment 2) over the initial trials of transfer testing.
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Figure 11. Proportion of correct choices following, and proportion of categorization-consistent calls to, the newly introduced samples in the many-to-one task of Manabe et al. (1995, Experiment 3).
Figure 12. A design to compare transfer following Many-to-one vs. One-to-many training.
Figure 13. Categorization-by-association results after many-to-one and a control (one-to-many) training condition for consistently and inconsistently tested pigeons (blue and orange bars, respectively) in Urcuioli et al. (1995, Experiment 2).
Figure 14. Note: Red, Green, Circle, and Dot are samples. Blue and Yellow are correct choice alternatives.
Figure 15. Categorization-by-association results for consistently and inconsistently tested pigeons (blue and orange bars, respectively) when many-to-one training preceded (Group First) or followed (Group Second) learning of different choices to two of the many-to-one samples.
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Figure 16. A retrospective mediational account of transfer.
